Professions that cannot be practiced by foreigners in Panama.

The following professions are restricted to Panamanians, meaning they can only be practiced by Panamanians by birth or through a letter of naturalization:

Bachelor's Degrees

Profession	Regulation

SECURITY AGENT | LAW 56 OF 2011
SURVEYOR | LAW 53 OF 1963
AGRONOMY | LAW 22 OF 1961
AGROSTOLOGY | LAW 22 OF 1961
DENTAL ASSISTANT | LAW 21 OF 1994
MEDICAL ASSISTANT | DECREE 32 OF 1975
BARBERING AND COSMETOLOGY | LAW 4 OF 1956
AGRICULTURAL BOTANY | LAW 22 OF 1961
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES | LAW 22 OF 1961
ACCOUNTING | LAW 57 OF 1978
FORESTRY | LAW 22 OF 1961
LAW | LAW 9 OF 1984
ECONOMICS | LAW 2 OF 1981
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS | LAW 22 OF 1961
SOIL SCIENCE | LAW 22 OF 1961
VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION | LAW 22 OF 1961
NURSING | LAW 1 OF 1954
PHARMACY | LAW 24 OF 1963
PHYSIOTHERAPY | LAW 47 OF 1984
PLANT GENETICS | LAW 22 OF 1961
PLANT PATHOLOGY | LAW 22 OF 1961
SPEECH THERAPY AND SIMILAR PROFESSIONS | LAW 34 OF 1980
HORTICULTURE | LAW 22 OF 1961
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING | EXECUTIVE DECREE 257 OF 1965
ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING | EXECUTIVE DECREE 257 OF 1965
ARCHITECTURE | LAW 15 OF 1959
CIVIL ENGINEERING | EXECUTIVE DECREE 257 OF 1965
MINING ENGINEERING | EXECUTIVE DECREE 257 OF 1965
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING | EXECUTIVE DECREE 257 OF 1965
GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING | EXECUTIVE DECREE 257 OF 1965
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING | EXECUTIVE DECREE 257 OF 1965
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING | EXECUTIVE DECREE 257 OF 1965
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING | EXECUTIVE DECREE 257 OF 1965
LABORATORY TECHNICIAN | LAW 74 OF 1978
CONSTRUCTION FOREMAN | LAW 53 OF 1963
MEDICINE | EXECUTIVE DECREE 196 OF 1970
VETERINARY MEDICINE | LAW 3 OF 1983
NUTRITION | DECREE 362 OF 1962
DENTISTRY | LAW 22 OF 1956
PSYCHOLOGY | LAW 56 OF 1975
CHEMISTRY | LAW 45 OF 2001
AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY | LAW 22 OF 1961
LABORATORY TECHNICIAN | DECREE 8 OF 1967
MEDICAL RADIOLOGY | LAW 42 OF 1980
SOCIOLOGY | LAW 1 OF 1996
AGRICULTURAL ZOOLOGY | LAW 22 OF 1961
SOCIAL WORK | LAW 17 OF 1981
MEDICAL VISITOR | LAW 24 OF 1963
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY | LAW 22 OF 1961

Engineering Degrees

ARCHITECTURE
INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE ENGINEER
ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEER
AGRONOMIC ENGINEER
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEER
CIVIL ENGINEER
CERAMIC ENGINEER
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEER
ROAD ENGINEER
MINING ENGINEER
PETROLEUM ENGINEER
ELECTRONIC ENGINEER
ELECTRICIAN OR ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
MECHANICAL ELECTRICIAN ENGINEER
MECHANICAL ENGINEER
GEOLOGICAL ENGINEER
CHEMICAL ENGINEER
NUCLEAR CHEMICAL ENGINEER
SANITARY ENGINEER
FORESTRY ENGINEER
NAVAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEER
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER
ADMINISTRATIVE INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER
ELECTROMECHANICAL ENGINEER
PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEER
ADMINISTRATIVE MECHANICAL ENGINEER
STRUCTURAL ARCHITECT AND SYSTEMS
FOOD INDUSTRY ENGINEER
MINING INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER
MUNICIPAL ENGINEER
INDUSTRIAL MECHANICAL ENGINEER
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL ENGINEER
ELECTRICITY EXECUTION ENGINEER
CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEER
METALLURGICAL CHEMICAL ENGINEER
TOPOGRAPHER AND HYDROGRAPHER ENGINEER
COMMUNICATIONS AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEER
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEER
HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEER
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
MACHINE CONSTRUCTION ENGINEER
COMPUTER SYSTEMS ENGINEER
TOPOGRAPHER AND GEODESIST ENGINEER
TRANSPORT AND ROADS ENGINEER
HYDRAULIC ENGINEER
MARINE ENGINEER
HYDROMECHANICAL ENGINEER
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER
METALLURGICAL ENGINEER
ADMINISTRATIVE CHEMICAL ENGINEER
SYSTEMS ENGINEER IN CONTROL AND COMPUTERS
GEOLOGICAL GEOPHYSICIST ENGINEER
ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER ENGINEER
NAVAL ENGINEER
AIRCRAFT AND AEROMOTOR MAINTENANCE ENGINEER
STRUCTURAL ARCHITECT
MARITIME TRANSPORT EXPLOITATION ENGINEER
FOOD ENGINEER
ENERGY TECHNIQUES ENGINEER
AEROSPACE ENGINEER
MARITIME MACHINERY ENGINEER
SPECIALIST IN SACCHARINE SUBSTANCES ENGINEER
GENERAL TECHNOLOGY OF SACCHARINE MATERIALS ENGINEER
HYDROLOGIST ENGINEER
GEOPHYSICIST ENGINEER
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEER
ENERGY ENGINEER
SUGAR PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY ENGINEER
MICROECONOMICS ENGINEER
MARINE MACHINERY NAUTICAL ENGINEER
INTERIOR DESIGNER
TURBINE ENGINEER
AIRFIELD CONSTRUCTION SPECIALIST ENGINEER
HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC MACHINES ENGINEER
ENERGY ENGINEER
AUTOMATIC CONTROL ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE WITH GEOLOGY SPECIALIZATION
TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE WITH PRODUCTION SPECIALIZATION
THERMO ENERGY ENGINEER
CONTROL ELECTRICIAN ENGINEER
COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEER
MINING TOPOGRAPHER ENGINEER
ELECTRICIAN SPECIALIZING IN AGRICULTURAL ELECTRIFICATION
IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEER
MARITIME TRANSPORT ENGINEER
GEODESY AND CARTOGRAPHY ENGINEER
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEER
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
TECHNOLOGY CHEMICAL ENGINEER
AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS ENGINEER
HYDRAULIC CONSTRUCTIONS AND WATER SUPPLY ENGINEER
RAILROAD ENGINEER
MILITARY INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER
COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS ENGINEER
ADMINISTRATIVE ELECTRICIAN ENGINEER
BEER FERMENTATION SPECIALIST ENGINEER
INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS ENGINEER
MARINE NAVIGATION AND FISHING ENGINEER
AGRICULTURAL ELECTRIFICATION ENGINEER
AUTOMATIC CONTROL ENGINEER
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER
CARTOGRAPHER ENGINEER
SURVEYOR ENGINEER
COMPUTER ENGINEER
PRODUCTION ENGINEER
ROAD, CANAL, AND PORT ENGINEER
TECHNOLOGY CHEMICAL ENGINEER
MECHANICAL PRODUCTION ENGINEER
AIRPORT ENGINEER
BRIDGE AND TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEER
INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEER
MARINE SYSTEMS ENGINEER
GEOMATICS ENGINEER
RISK AND ENVIRONMENTAL PREVENTION ENGINEER
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT GRADUATE
COMPUTER NETWORKS DEGREE

Technicians and Related Fields

BUILDING TECHNICIAN
CIVIL CONSTRUCTION TECHNICIAN
DRAWING SPECIALIST TECHNICIAN
SURVEYING TECHNICIAN
ADMINISTRATION SPECIALIST TECHNICIAN
ELECTRONICS SPECIALIST TECHNICIAN
MECHANICAL SPECIALIST TECHNICIAN
INDUSTRIAL ARTS TECHNICIAN
ROAD SPECIALIST TECHNICIAN
PLAN DEVELOPMENT DRAWING SPECIALIST TECHNICIAN
PROGRAMMING SPECIALIST TECHNICIAN
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS SPECIALIST TECHNICIAN
INDUSTRIAL